(b)

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2020/1828 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2020 on representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers and repealing Directive 2009/22/EC (Text with EEA relevance) · European Union

the representative action is not brought against a defendant that is a competitor of the funding provider or against a defendant on which the funding provider is dependent.

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Source: EUR-Lex CELLAR · retrieved 2026-08-05 · Text as consolidated on 2026-08-02; changes after this date are not shown.