Recital 12

(12) In order to capture property which might be transformed and transferred in order to conceal its origin, and in order to ensure harmonisation and clarity of definitions across the Union, property that can be subject to freezing and confiscation should be defined broadly. It should cover legal documents or instruments, including in electronic or digital form, evidencing title or interest in property subject to freezing and confiscation including, for example, financial instruments, trusts, or documents that can give rise to creditor claims and are normally found in the possession of the person affected by the relevant procedures. This Directive is without prejudice to the existing national procedures for keeping legal documents or instruments evidencing title or interest in property, as they are applied by the national competent authorities or public bodies in accordance with national law. The definition of property should cover all forms of property, including crypto assets.

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Source: EUR-Lex CELLAR · retrieved 2026-09-04 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.