Recital 106

(106) A meaningful identification of the beneficial owners requires a determination of whether control is exercised via other means. The determination of the existence of an ownership interest or of control through an ownership interest is necessary but not sufficient and it does not exclude the need for checks to determine the beneficial owners. The test as to whether any natural person exercises control via other means is not a subsequent test to be performed only where it is not possible to determine an ownership interest. The two tests, namely that of existence of an ownership interest or control through an ownership interest and that of control via other means, should be performed in parallel.

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Source: EUR-Lex CELLAR · retrieved 2026-09-04 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.