doc__table__132

| 92. | By contrast, in some cases, an R&D process may not (yet) be closely related to any specific product (124) but related to early stages of research, which may serve multiple purposes and, in the longer term, feed into various products. Although the fact that such early innovation efforts do not immediately translate into tradeable products may render it difficult to identify a relevant product market in the strict sense, it may still be relevant to identify the boundaries within which undertakings compete in such earlier innovation efforts, in order to assess whether there could be a loss of innovation competition due to a concentration or behaviour (125). In this type of assessment, factors such as the nature and scope of the innovation efforts, the objectives of the different lines of research, the specialisation of the different teams involved or the results of the undertaking’s past innovation efforts may be relevant for the purposes of defining the boundaries within which innovation competition takes place. In defining these boundaries, it is appropriate to have regard to the geographic areas within which R&D takes place alongside any other geographic specificities (126).

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-07 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.