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| 40. | The Commission usually also analyses demand substitution between suppliers located in different geographic locations or areas. This is particularly important in cases where the location of the customer as such does not matter for the conditions at which products are offered, that is to say where suppliers do not negotiate with individual customers or do not discriminate by customer location or by geographic area. In that case, the relevant geographic market is usually defined based on supplier location (64) and the Commission may put particular emphasis on establishing which suppliers in which areas are close substitutes to the undertaking(s) involved, in line with the methodology set out in Section 2.1.1. An example is the Commission’s definition of the relevant markets for passenger air transport services under the airport-by-airport approach in past cases in the air transport sector. The Commission’s analysis focused on establishing whether some of the relevant airports were substitutable with other airports from the point of view of passengers (65).

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-07 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.